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How Canadian Mortgages Work
Canadian mortgage rates are quoted as nominal annual rates with semi-annual compounding. The true monthly rate is (1 + annual/2)^(1/6) − 1. The average 5-year fixed rate was about 5.1% in September 2026.
A Canadian mortgage has a term (typically 2–5 years, during which the rate is fixed) and an amortization period (usually 25–30 years over which the loan is fully repaid). This calculator amortizes over the full period.
Below 20% down, borrowers must buy default insurance (CMHC, Sagen or Canada Guaranty) at a reference premium of roughly 2.8%–4% of the loan, which can be added to the principal. Frequencies include monthly, semi-monthly, bi-weekly, weekly and their accelerated versions.
Key Terms
Semi-annual compounding:Canada's statutory quoting convention. The true monthly rate is (1+annual/2)^(1/6)−1; dividing by 12 understates the cost.
CMHC default insurance:Mandatory below 20% down; premium roughly 2.8%-4% of the loan, paid upfront or added to principal.
Rate source: Bank of Canada rate data
Disclaimer: Results are for reference only and do not constitute financial, legal or investment advice. Actual rates, fees, insurance and policies depend on your local lender and regulator; results may differ due to rounding and lender formulas.
Mortgage Rules Compared
The same logic adapted to each country's rate convention, minimum down payment and mandatory insurance. Click a country to switch.
| Country | Min down | Compounding | Mortgage insurance | Typical term |
|---|
| China | 15%+ | Monthly | None | Up to 30 yr |
| United States | 3%+ | Monthly | PMI if LTV>80% | 15 / 30 yr |
| Canada | 5%+ | Semi-annual | CMHC below 20% | 25 yr |
| United Kingdom | 5%+ | Monthly | None | 2/5-yr fix + 25 yr |
| Australia | 5%+ | Monthly | LMI if LVR>80% | Up to 30 yr |
常见问题
Why does Canada need a special conversion?
Regulators require mortgage rates to be quoted as nominal annual rates with semi-annual compounding. Dividing by 12 would understate the true monthly rate, so the effective monthly rate must be derived first.
What is default insurance?
Below 20% down, lenders require mortgage default insurance (e.g. CMHC) that protects them if you default. The premium is a percentage of the loan and can be paid upfront or added to the mortgage.
Term vs amortization?
The term is how long your rate is locked (e.g. 2 or 5 years), after which you renew. Amortization is the total time to repay the loan in full, usually 25–30 years.
How much do accelerated payments save?
Accelerated bi-weekly pays half the monthly payment 26 times a year, effectively one extra monthly payment annually — typically shortening a 25-year amortization by 2–4 years and saving tens of thousands in interest.
How do I avoid default insurance?
Put down 20% or more. Below 20%, expect the insurance premium and often a slightly higher rate.